The Vedas are four in number – the Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda. It is mentioned in the Vedic hymns themselves that they were the creation of sages. The epic Mahabharata states that the Supreme Creator Brahma created the Vedas. In Sanskrit, the Vedas mean SvatahPramana (self-evident means of knowledge). Hindu followers believe the Vedas to be Apaurusheya – not of humans but the supernatural. They were handed down for generations through word of mouth. The surviving ones lie between the 11th and 14th centuries, going by the material of the manuscripts, which are in birch bark and palm leaves.Īccording to legend, the Vedic hymns were taught by God to the sages. The Vedas in written form date back to one millennium BCE. The Vedas date back to 1600 BC, and there is no specific date to validate the composition of the Hindu scriptures as they were handed down through generations by oral tradition over the ages. Dating back to the beginning of Indian civilization, they form a vast ocean of knowledge, detailing religious and spiritual teachings. Rishi Vyasa compiled the Vedas, and they are the oldest scriptures in Hinduism. Thus, the antiquity can be guessed.The Vedas are the oldest written texts on earth, and people consider them the earliest literary records in Sanskrit. The book is in old sanskrit, the language ancestral to all indo-european languages i.e the proto-indo-european. One of the four veda, the flawless sacred books of unknown antiquity, the dates given by modern authorship are seriously wrong since it is not possible to date the books which are too old to be dated. Royal rituals and the duties of the court priests are also included in the Atharva veda.Ītharva veda or atharv ved (as pronounced in hindi) is an ancient book of sanatan dharma. the anukramika is an indexĪranyak may contain rituals along with some philosophical thoughts.īelieved to have been written by Atharvan and Angiras rishis, this veda is a book of charms and other prayers, incorporating not only formulas for magic, but also the daily rituals for initiation into learning, marriage and funerals. The pratishakhya are rules for recitation. The text of sanghita is used for recitation in the above rituals.
And the Shrauta sutra (vaitana sutra) tell about ritual guidelines and should be used with gopath brahmana which also elaborates rituals.
This collection contains sanghita, gopatha brahmana, vaitana shrauta sutra, kaushik grihya sutra and two related pratishakhya (v1 (along with suryakanta ed) and v2 pratishakya seem to be different books)Īll books are complete in that no book has any page missing within it.Ī veda is composed of sanghita, brahman and aranyak.
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